About 80% of the worlds' reserves for platinum group metals (PGMs) are in South Africa's Bushveld Igneous Complex. Processing of PGM involves comminution, flotation, smelting, converting, base metals refinery and precious metals refinery. Due to increasing chrome content in the feed and the challenges associated with operating high chrome feed, alternative routes to smelting of PGM are ...
smelting, and refining for PGM production from crude ore, and they provide additional details regarding the specific chemical reactions required for the purification of each metal. Mining Figure 1. Supply chain for the production of PGMs, nickel, and copper It is important to note that the PGMs all undergo the mining, concentrating, smelting, and
Typical ores for PGMs contain ca. 10 g PGM/ton ore, thus the identity of the particular mineral is unknown. Platinum. Platinum can occur as a native metal, but it can also occur in various different minerals and alloys. That said, Sperrylite (platinum arsenide, PtAs 2) ore is by far the most significant source of this metal.
1.1.1 Description ofProcesses for the recovery of PGMs 3 1.1.1.1 Leaching ofPGM concentrate using Aqua regia,.4 1.1.1.2 Leaching ofPGM concentrate using chlorine gas as oxidant.. 7 1.1.2 Chemistry of thedissolution ofPGM concentrates " 11 1.1.3 Dissolution reactions 18 1.2 Aims and Scope ofthisResearch work 22 1.2.1 Research Objective 22
PRIMARY REFINING PROCESSES In primary PGM production, ores from the major deposits all go through a similar series of initial process stages involving crushing, milling, and froth fl otation to produce a base metal-PGM concentrate. This concentrate, containing considerable quantities of silicates and iron from the original ore, is subjected to ...
Iron ore, coke and lime are added to the top of a furnace. Hot air is blown in from the bottom. The furnace operates at a high temperature (around 1200°C). Iron ore reacts with carbon/coke to form iron metal and carbon dioxide. The iron is tapped off at the bottom of the furnace.
In addition to Ni-Cu-Co concentrates coming from orthomagmatic deposits, hydrometallurgy has been piloted for a few other deposit types, such as the NICO Co-Au-Bi-Cu IOCG-type deposit in Canada ...
of concentration, smelting, base metals removal, and precious metals refining. Concentration In concentration. the ore is ground to liberate mineral particles. These are then recovered in the form of a concentrate by froth flotation. The ore mineralogy dictates both the fineness of grind required for liberation and the ideal flotation conditions.
is these ores. An example of this type of ore is that PGE is recovered from copper refining in the United States. However, PGE content and recovery is rarely determined for any of the concentrates feeding the smelting process. PGE values in the primary ore contribute no financial value. A …
Extraction and refining Extraction, concentration and refining of PGMs require complex, costly and energy-intensive processes that may take up to six months to produce refined metal from the time the first PGM-bearing ore is broken in a mine. 1 Chamber of Mines of South Africa, Annual Report 2012; figure does not include recycling.
Pgm refining. As the largest secondary platinum group metals (pgm) refiner in the world, we've developed highly advanced processes for extracting and separating pgms from products – so advanced that we can refine pgms to a purity of 99.95%. We work with our customers to optimise precious metals recovery from complex materials and our ...
Trilogy Refining process and proprietary technology uses safe, environmentally friendly, on-site generated oxidant products to extract Gold, Platinum Group Metals (PGMs) and Rare Earth elements without harmful by products or hazardous waste like Cyanide. Our process solutions are recycled and re-used on the next process run, over and over again.
Expectedly these ores when concentrated produce quite different flotation concentrates that respond to further processing differently. Merensky concentrates will generally have a higher Pt/Pd ratio and contain significant amounts of nickel and copper; UG2 concentrates contain a larger percentage of the PGMs as Rh and are lower in nickel and copper.
UG2–based, and the resulting concentrates contain high levels of chromite unless blended with Merensky ore. It is therefore critical that new and improved extraction methods be developed and exploited. The methods used in the recovery of the PGMs from these ores consist of physical concentration techniques, pyrometallurgical processing, and ...
PGMs concentrates/Solution . ... Cu and Ni-containing sulfide ores and concentrates, ... refining of precious metal bearing waste materials and compares the types of plant available for such ...
We are refining PGMs, Copper, Nickel and all valuable metals. MINING PRODUCTS. We have a strong connection with big refinery in the world, supplying Gold,Silver & Non-ferrous ore and concentrate refining to produce high-purity metals. WASTE MATERIALS. We also collecting all kinds of scrap and waste from various industrial plant which contains ...
Ore from the Merensky Reef contains up to 3% base-metal sulphide minerals, distributed as follows: pyrrhotite (45%), pentlandite (32%), chalcopyrite (16%), and pyrite (2 to 4%). The majority of the PGMs in the Merensky ore are associated with pentlandite, occurring either in pentlandite grains or at the pentlandite-gangue grain boundaries.
The concentrates all contain PGMs which means that the anodes contain these elements The anode slimes are collected from the refining cells The undissolved solids containing the PGMs and gold are collected as the final concentrate and sent to the Kraznoyarsk precious metals refinery for platinum palladium rhodium ruthenium and...
most sophisticated industrial inorganic chemistry: refining of platinum group metals ore concentrate. pgm ore concentrate The figure below shows a typical assay of a South African platinum group metals ore concentrate obtained as the filter cake after sulfuric acid leach (according to the Sherrit process) of a Merensky reef converter matte.
Our Process « TCB Metals and Refining. 0:00 / 4:10 •. Live. •. TCB International's ore processing capabilities enable us to extract precious metals from ore concentrates, black sands, sulfide ores, and telluride ores at a high rate of recovery due to several factors.
Silver refining is typically the final process in the production of high purity silver suitable for sale in the market. It is associated with purity and typically needs to meet a minimum of 99.9% purity and in most cases 99.99% purity and in some cases 99.999% purity depending on the end-use. The silver can be sold in many different forms in ...
This invention relates to a method of recovering platinum group metals (PGMs - ruthenium, rhodium, palladium, osmium, iridium, platinum and gold) and (if present) base metals (especially copper, nickel and cobalt) from PGM-containing material such as PGM bearing ores, concentrates, tailings as well as recycled materials containing PGMs.
concentrates (where a concentrator produces a high-grade concentrate for smelting and a low-grade concentrate for heap leaching). Part of the focus will be on the changes taking place in the mineralogy of the ore, throughout the process, and its impact on developing the process for commercial application. 2. Materials 2.1. Concentrate preparation
Patented platinum-group metals (PGMs) refining technology, Chloroplat, which recovers PGMs from ore concentrates and yields recoveries comparable with …
The PGM concentrate (75% PGMs) is shipped to Inco's precious metals refining operations in Acton, United Kingdom (see below). Port Colborne is also the home to specialty shearing and packaging operations for nickel products from Inco's Manitoba and Sudbury nickel refineries, handling about 27,000 tonnes of nickel per year.
Zn leach residues. 1. Introduction. Although most of the gold produced each year originates from primary gold ores or concentrates, a significant amount of gold is recovered as byproduct from the production of base metals (BMs) and from the recycling of scrap. From a gold world production of approximately 2600 metric tons in 2004, about 10% was ...
Refining •PGMs •Gold Incorporating PGMs into various end applications Processing: c.10% of input from non-integrated miners Major PGM miners are integrated from mining to refining and therefore maintain considerable processing assets that produce both refined PGMs and by-products
this ore very attractive [JONES, 1999:42]. II.1.1. General flow sheet The general process consists of the classic operations which include milling, flotation, drying, smelting, converting, refining. II.1.1.1.Concentrate preparation and drying The ore is crushed and milled to reduce the size of the rock particles and to expose the minerals
Mineable platinum group metal (PGM) deposits are rare and found in relatively few areas of the world. At the same time, the use of PGM is predicted to expand in green technology and energy applications, and PGMs are consequently currently listed as European Union critical metals. Increased mineralogical complexity, lower grade ores, and recent PGM production expansions give rise to the ...
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